Jordan Times
Sunday, May 24, 2004

Leaders talk conflicts, reform

By Alia Shukri Hamzeh

 

TUNIS , May 23 - President Zine Al Abidine Ben Ali on Saturday opened the Arab summit calling for settling the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, ending the violence in Iraq and reforms in the region.

 

“The attention of the whole Arab nation turns towards this meeting, expecting results that meet its aspirations for cooperation, solidarity, progress and invulnerability,” the Tunisian leader said.

He said he hoped the two-day summit would consecrate Arab consensus, confirm the will for reform, adopt optimum ways for the promotion of joint Arab action and the “reinforcement of its [league] credibility in all fields.”

The 16th ordinary summit opened almost 90 minutes late. Thirteen of the 22 leaders of the Arab League states attended.

Among them were His Majesty King Abdullah, King Mohammad VI of Morocco , Syrian and Egyptian presidents Bashar Assad and Hosni Mubarak and Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Qadhafi.

The leaders of Saudi Arabia , Kuwait , Bahrain , the United Arab Emirates , Oman , Yemen and Sudan did not attend.

Leaders began arriving Friday for the rescheduled summit, which was abruptly called off eight weeks ago by Tunis , citing differences on proposed political and democratic reforms.

Before the end of the opening session, Qadhafi walked out. “Unfortunately, Libya is forced to boycott the summit because it does not agree to the agenda of the Arab governments. Libya wants the agenda of the Arab peoples,” Qadhafi later told a news conference.

Informed sources said the Libyan leader was angered by criticism from Arab League chief Amr Musa. In his address to the meeting, Musa said there were “voices” that call for annulling the Arab League or breaking it up as if it were the cause of all the ills of the Arab nation. “Which is false,” he added.

The opening session included speeches by the prime minister of outgoing summit chair Bahrain and Musa, and a satellite linkup with Palestinian President Yasser Arafat in his West Bank headquarters, from where he has addressed the summit for the past three years because he fears the Israeli authorities will not allow him to return if he leaves.

 

The delegates also held a moment of silence in memory of Palestinian victims of Israeli attacks.

The summit will close with a brief session during which final resolutions and reform documents will be announced. The rest of the sessions, where leaders are expected to delve into a hefty 30-item agenda, are taking place behind closed doors.

 

According to observers, the aim of the closed sessions is to reach consensus over wide-ranging crucial issues and to avoid public displays of discontent, as was the case at last year's Sharm El Sheikh summit, when Qadhafi and Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah exchanged fiery remarks.

 

Closed-door sessions

The closed-door sessions began following the opening. The leaders discussed the deteriorating situation in Iraq , the deadlocked Palestinian-Israeli peace process, proposals for political reforms and restructuring of the Arab League.

 

According to observers, the meeting in the Tunisian capital is seen as another effort to close ranks on crucial regional issues and advance Arab action in the face of growing public frustration and pessimism.

The summit is held amid increased Arab anger over US military actions in Iraq , heightened by continuing reports and images of American soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners, and Israel 's onslaught in the Gaza Strip and other Palestinian territories.

Israel 's escalation of violence and its demolition of Palestinian homes in Rafah this past week caused the death of 42 Palestinian civilians and left thousands of others homeless.

 

In his address to the summit, Arafat appealed for international protection for the Palestinians against Israeli military incursions and urged Arab leaders to pressure the global community for a peace settlement.

He said only negotiations based on the internationally drafted roadmap for Palestinian-Israeli peace would achieve security for both Israel and the Palestinians.

 

Foreign ministers met late Friday to consider last-minute draft resolutions, including Israel 's military incursions and US' recently imposed sanctions on Syria .

 

According to Foreign Minister Marwan Muasher, the summit is expected to conclude Sunday with a resolution recommitting its members to the Arab Middle East Peace Initiative that was endorsed in Beirut in 2002. He said a ministerial committee would be assigned to develop an action plan to promote the initiative.

 

Muasher also said the leaders are expected for the first time to condemn attacks on civilians in the Middle East conflict.

 

A preparatory meeting of Arab foreign ministers in Cairo on May 10 had adopted a resolution which condemns “military operations against Palestinian civilians and Palestinian leaders, as well as operations against civilians, without discrimination.” Muasher told reporters upon arrival in Tunis that the resolution would be the “first” in which Arab leaders condemn operations that target civilians from both sides.

 

He also noted that the final resolution, which reiterates peace as a strategic option for Arabs, would support a mutual and simultaneous ceasefire in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and reject any modification of the internationally recognized reference points of the peace process, including UN resolutions 242 and 338.

The resolution also takes into account assurances made by US President George W. Bush to King Abdullah and Palestinian Prime Minister Ahmed Qureia, in separate letters, stating that Washington will not prejudice the issue of final status talks. Muasher said Arab governments would demand Bush's and the US administration's commitment to the letter and its assurances guaranteeing the establishment of an independent Palestinian state.

Reform

The foreign minister said the leaders are also expected to endorse two reform documents: A blueprint on democratic and political reform and another on joint Arab action and restructuring the Arab League.

The Arab League or “Al Ahad” document improves the mechanism of joint Arab action and decision making process by changing the voting system from requiring a unanimous vote to a majority vote.

Enhanced economic cooperation, setting up a unified Arab market, a security council or Arab parliament and an Arab court of justice are also mentioned.

Muasher told reporters that endorsing a political and democratic reform document was an achievement and a quantum leap, especially when three months ago the issue was not even on the summit agenda. He noted that the political reform document was in harmony with the recently leaked and controversial US “Greater Middle East Initiative,” which is expected to be presented to the G-8 summit next month.

Arab countries have opted to set up their own blueprint for reform, under bids to override the US initiative, which presses for political and democratic reforms in the region under claims it was fertile ground for terrorism. Arabs insist that needed reform or change must come from within their countries and not through foreign interference.

US Secretary of State Colin Powell had indicated last week in Jordan that the G-8 summit would release a document on how to “partner” with the region. Arab officials have said contacts with the US administration helped sway Washington 's position and convince it that reforms cannot be imposed and must go hand-in-hand with a solution to Mideast conflicts.

The five-page Arab reform document entitled “Development and Modernization” stresses on the importance of good governance and transparency, a widening of participation in the decision making process and political freedom, Muasher said.

The document was based on proposals put forward by Egypt , Jordan , Qatar , Tunisia and Yemen and was approved at a foreign ministers' meeting earlier this month.

The fight against terrorism was included in the document, which also stressed on the core issue of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the need to regulate it to allow for the development of political reform. The document included five other sections on civil liberties and human rights, women's rights and their role in society, judicial independence, economic modernization and educational development, Muasher said.

It, however, does not incorporate a set time frame for reforms but rather respects each country's right to move at its own pace.

Iraq

As for Iraq , the summit will contain a clear Arab condemnation of abuse by US troops against Iraqi prisoners and a demand that those responsible be imprisoned.

Muasher said a draft resolution calling on the Arab League to make the necessary contacts to facilitate the handover of power (in Iraq ) on June 30 in coordination with the UN and the Iraqi people was incorporated. It also calls for the withdrawal of occupying forces and an end to the occupation of Iraq as soon as possible.


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